A common e-business buzzword, end-to-end refers to a streamlined, seamless and real-time flow of information and linkages across a value chain.
 
Electronic Article Surveillance, or EAS, is a method that is used to prevent loss caused by shoplifting. This system used a combination of security tags that are affixed to the retail items and detection systems place
 
    - Radio-frequency systems (RF)
 
    - Acousto-magnetic systems
 
    - Magnetic systems
 
    - Microwave systems